Managing Cultural Diversity in the Workplace

Theoretical The objective of the US wellbeing division is to ensure the government assistance everything being equal. It additionally targets improving their wellbeing. To accomplish these honorable concerns, the office has utilized individuals from different social backgrounds.Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on Managing Cultural Diversity in the Workplace explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More While this procedure has the benefit of giving a chance to the division to pick up from assorted information bases and abilities to help in accomplishing its key points and targets, social decent variety makes variety differences, which can block the office from picking up from the benefits of utilizing socially various representatives. This paper distinguishes social decent variety debates as a huge issue that warrants request at the branch of wellbeing. It holds that while the department’s pioneers may have the choice of moderating such conf licts by diminishing the decent variety organization of the office, conforming to the worries of the personal satisfaction and social equity renders such an alternative improper. The paper proposes the presentation of strategies for assorted variety compromise, the making of contention relief and goals advisory groups, and guaranteeing that the division changes through the appropriation of transformational administration style. The arrangements are relied upon to battle social assorted variety issues at the US division of wellbeing. Subsequent to examining the issue of assorted variety the executives, the paper chooses transformational administration, with a specific accentuation on the correspondence perspective, as the best answer for the issue. Presentation The US wellbeing office utilizes individuals from different foundations. This enrollment system opens it to the basic test of dealing with its workforce assorted variety. In this paper, the term decent variety alludes to the i nconsistencies that are seen in people who work in any affiliation. Such contrasts may include boundaries, for example, their sex, race, network esteems, age, sexual connection, pay levels, work understanding, parental status, strict convictions, ethnicity, religion, and physical capacities among others (Pitts, 2006). Workforce decent variety the board envelops the advancement of an empowering and steady condition for all individuals, paying little heed to their social assorted variety contrasts, to guarantee that they can ideally add to the accomplishment of US wellbeing ministry.Advertising Looking for research paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since the objective of assorted variety the board is to adjust all representatives to the department’s vision and destinations, reconciliation of administration is basic in decreasing its pessimistic effects on the ministry’s perform ance. Leadership is basic in all associations that utilization individuals to accomplish their objectives, strategic, and goals. It includes affecting others to encourage the accomplishment of a given objective. Pioneers plan, arrange, direct, and steer others towards the accomplishment of normal common targets and objectives. Administration happens through the communication of three essential settings, specifically pioneers, devotees, and the circumstance that prompts the organization of authority aptitudes. Pioneers need to have characteristics, for example, the capacity to listen adequately to other people, the limit and readiness to talk in a fair and kind way, the capacity to be agreeable, and the ability to settle on all around considered choices. Since listening comprises a key element of correspondence, this paper considers the issue of correspondence a significant transformational authority viewpoint that is vital for settling social assorted variety issues inside the US wellbeing division. The Problem of Cultural Diversity Management As associations enhance, the methodologies they convey to address workforce the board issues are basic in impacting their presentation in the serious commercial center. As indicated by Pitts (2006), academicians and hierarchical pioneers have imparted the noteworthiness of overseeing authoritative assorted variety to ensure accomplishment as well as support a culture of development and inventiveness. Grasping decent variety implies that pioneers need to guide their associations as heterogeneous, as opposed to homogenous entities. A homogenous association is a non-enhanced organization while a heterogeneous one contains a collection of laborers. Numerous American wellbeing organizations are heterogeneous since they utilize individuals of changing foundations as far as race, age, physical capacities, and topographical locales, among others. As indicated by authority researchers, for example, Pitts (2006), compelling ad ministration of workforce decent variety can improve workforce profitability, improve workforce commitment, encourage staff truancy, or potentially increment workforce turnover by around five folds. The American service of wellbeing underlines the need to improve worker execution in an offer to build the quality and speed of administration conveyance. In this way, dealing with its assorted variety is basic for its consistent achievement. An expanding number of academic investigations uncover an immediate connection between's worker participation and employment execution. Another positive relationship is clear between workers’ devotion and the view of being significant assets of an association through the valuation for their diversity.Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on Managing Cultural Diversity in the Workplace explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, McMillan-Capehart (2006) says that authoritative pioneers who neglect to comprehend that ladies and minority representatives are important assets for making progress experience decreased profitability. This case surmises that botch of workforce assorted variety converts into expanding the wellbeing agencies’ activities costs. In this specific circumstance, associations that don't bolster decent variety in their working environments are probably going to dive into costly claims as well as out-of-court settlements for cases, for example, generalizing, separation, and provocation that outcome from poor administration of different socially various ability devices. Such associations are vulnerable to costs that identify with representative substitution and preparing (McMillan-Capehart, 2006). In a circumstance where a work environment has numerous laborers from different societies or a greater level of females, it turns into an issue, particularly when the heads need to determine the abberations among representatives without making outlandish grindi ng in the day worker relations. In this specific circumstance, overseeing workforce assorted variety gets significant (McMillan-Capehart, 2006). The advancement of social assorted variety the executives information by today’s administration experts is basic, taking into account that a large number of the issues that individuals experience in the workplace don't instant any resistance to the distinctions that describe various specialists. Such issues must be tended to utilizing powerful systems for driving assorted representatives. A considerable lot of the issues that cause rubbing in the working environment are chiefly ascribed to the perspectives of minimized and the standard workforce abberations. This rubbing is regularly more regrettable in an association whose work power mostly originates from a typical ethnic gathering or race. The most squeezing impasse gives that relate to workforce decent variety are related with ladies abuse in the work environment (Ollapally Bhatn agar, 2009). In this specific situation, the idea of workforce assorted variety the executives is crucial. Henceforth, today’s authoritative pioneers need to embrace the idea. Race and sexual orientation decide the methodologies that pioneers build up to deal with differing representatives. Where a minority bunch views itself as increasingly mistreated or separated, it is clear that it might consider making strides that are undesirable to the presentation of an association. This circumstance is maybe apparent in numerous wellbeing offices since numerous minority bunches know about their privileges. They recognize the presence of severe hierarchical sets of principles and guidelines that have been planned to administer practices inside the US service of health.Advertising Searching for research paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More In this unique situation, the ownership of authority information about driving assorted representatives is basic in guaranteeing that pioneers accomplish their activity orders. From this measurement, driving a broadened work power has a main commitment as far as supporting individuals who work inside the US wellbeing division to interface with each other trying to encourage the department’s objectives and additionally make positive changes inside the corporate network. The wellbeing segment’s initiative has a proactive task to carry out in guaranteeing appropriate control and observing of social decent variety to evade irreconcilable situations among the minority and dominant part gatherings of laborers. Pioneers can't lead this respectable undertaking on the off chance that they are not completely mindful of the significance and significance of overseeing social decent varieties in the wellbeing service. How might they understand this fantasy? The following area talks about the different elective arrangements that the wellbeing service pioneers can send to lead their assorted workers viably to guarantee that the division achieves its objective and goals of conveying quality and fast administrations to all individuals. Elective Solutions The Creation of a Conflict Mitigation and Resolution Committee Clashes develop in all associations, including the wellbeing segment. In spite of the fact that it is essential to limit the negative social assorted variety clashes, it is important to support positive clashes. Associations, people, and even work groups require helpful clashes for them to develop. By participating in contradicting conversations, espec

How to Pass Your AP Course Audit

The most effective method to Pass Your AP Course Audit SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Need to gain proficiency with the intricate details of the AP examining process? You're in karma. Regardless of whether you’re another educator or only new to AP, look at this manual for ensure your course is endorsed! We will clarify the inspecting procedure in detail, including how AP courses are reviewed,how to present your review, andhow to compose a fitting prospectus. What Is Course Auditing? For what reason Do You Need It? AP Course inspecting is the thing that permits a school to formally give a course the â€Å"AP† mark. Having classes with the authority AP name is significant for your understudies' transcripts, particularly in the event that they are applying toprestigious schools and grants. The AP mark showscolleges and grant boards that your school’s courses have an elevated level of meticulousness. All things considered, a course doesn't need to convey the authority â€Å"AP† mark for your school to arrange the relating AP tests. For instance, you could instruct a course titled just â€Å"United States History† and still request the AP United States Exam for your group toward the year's end. Be that as it may, by and large, if you’re training a course with the objective of your understudies taking the AP test, it’s justified, despite all the trouble to experience the review to get the â€Å"AP† mark to improve your students’ transcripts. AP course are auditedonce everyyear, except it’s the most burdensome the first run through your course is affirmed. Every year after your first review you simply experience a brisk restoration process. During that first review, you’ll present a point by point schedule of your AP course just as an AP Course Audit structure for survey. For the remainder of this guide, we will go over that first evaluating process, clarify re-examining, lastly give a few hints for composing your prospectus for the main review. What Happens During My First Audit? For your first review, you'll make an online record with the College Board and present the AP Course Audit structure and a duplicate of your schedule (more on that procedure beneath). When your structure is affirmed by a Course Audit overseer, your schedule will be sent to an outer school workforce commentator who will favor it. You’ll learn if your course was affirmed by the College Board inside 60 days of presenting your structures. For a course to be approved, the schedule needs to plainly show that every one of the AP course's curricular prerequisites is remembered for your group. There are two potential results of the primary audit: 1. Great news:Your commentator finds that yoursyllabus meets all necessities, and your class is endorsed. You'll be advised by means of email, and afterward you'll be completely finished with the reviewing procedure! Uplifting news! 2. Terrible news:The commentator doesn't think your prospectus meets or surpasses the necessities, and your schedule is given to a senior analyst. On the off chance that the senior analyst concurs, the senior commentator will send you an email with a basis regarding why your schedule wasn't endorsed. You would then be able to overhaul and resubmit your schedule dependent on that input. In the event that, subsequent to presenting a changed schedule, the commentators despite everything don't think your prospectus meets the necessities, the College Board will give an educational program adviserto give extra proposals to how yoursyllabus ought to be reconsidered. You will at that point have a third and last opportunity to change and present the prospectus. In the event that your course isn’t endorsed on your third attempt, it won’t be approved for that year. (Once more, your school can even now arrange and direct AP Exams for that subject paying little heed to the review result.) You can re-submit materials for approval beginning one year from now. Step by step instructions to Start Your First Audit To begin, you'll need tocreate an online AP Course Audit account with College Board. Through this record, you can present the Course Audit structure and your prospectus. The AP Course Audit structure is the place you list data about the class, your school, your area, and your understudies. It’s genuinely clear and shouldn't take in excess of a couple of moments. The prospectus is the place you portray your course in detail and clarify how it meets AP rules. Composing a fitting prospectus is the most significant and tedious bit of the inspecting procedure. During the review, theCollege Board isn’t taking a gander at your experience or certifications as an educator, and it doesn’t require a particular expert advancement for you to get your course confirmed †they’re simply verifying whether your course lines up with the AP class’s objectives. Also, on the off chance that you're concerned, the College Board isn’t going to arbitrarily drop in during the year and screen your real class †you simply need to get the schedule right! We'll separate how to compose a proper schedule underneath. Re-Auditing Actually, significantly after your course is affirmed, you despite everything need to re-review each year in the event that you need your class to keep the â€Å"AP† title. Fortunately,you don’t need to accomplish a lot of work for re-approval. After you get your underlying endorsement, you don’t need to resubmit the Course Audit structure or a prospectus except if your course changes altogether, the AP course itself changes, or another instructor is given the class. Starting each August, Course Audit overseers can reestablish AP classes for the next year through their online AP Course Audit accounts. In the event that you’re not certain who your school’s Course Audit director is, solicit the head from your area of expertise or somebody in your school’s organization. The Course Audit director isprobably somebody who wouldn't fret loads of administrative work. To put it plainly, your course ought to be re-affirmed without you doing anything except if you roll out significant improvements or switch courses at your school. On the off chance that another instructor is relegated to a current AP class, he or shemustresubmit the Course Audit structure and schedule. Notwithstanding, they can utilize the old teacher’s schedule, so the endorsement procedure ought to be really brisk. Composing Your Syllabus Like we referenced over, the AP Course Audit is only the accommodation of a structure and your schedule, sothe prospectus is the fundamental bit of work you need to finish. You can discover itemized information about each AP class, including an agenda for the prospectus and model schedules, directly here. Certainly utilize this page as you compose your schedule! This guide will concentrate on AP English Language, the most well known AP class, yet we will experience the general schedule composing process that you can use for any AP class. To start with, investigate the model schedules College Board has posted for your group. This will give you a feeling of what College Board is searching for in your prospectus. As a guide, College Board has posted four model schedules for AP English Language: Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 The main thing you'll most likely notification in these prospectuses is the spread page, which records all the scoring segments for the schedule and where they are tended to: Source: The College Board Acover page isn't required for presenting your schedule, however utilizing onecan assist you with monitoring the different necessities you have to meet for your prospectus. In case you're overpowered by the necessities for your group, utilizing a coordinator like this spread page could be extraordinarily useful. You can get an example spread page for each AP class by setting off to the webpagefor each class, connected previously. You should compose a prospectus that clarifies your class’s assignments, structure, and understanding rundown with the goal that it fits into the AP rules. It’s going to be truly long †in any event 10 pages †so ensure you put aside some quality time to compose it. Notwithstanding utilizing the model schedules on College Board’s site as a guide, you can likewise contact another AP instructor at your school to figure out how they moved toward their prospectus. They may have a few hints for composing a College Board-endorsed schedule or havemore inside data on the reviewing procedure. In case you're concerned that you may make some hard memories adhering to this unfathomably nitty gritty prospectus, don't pressure. You’re never considered responsible by College Board for adhering to this prospectus, so you don’t need to tail it exactly. At last, recollect you’re given two extra opportunities to change your schedule on the off chance that it doesn’t pass the review the first run through. Utilizing the College Board's Self-Evaluation Checklist Afteryou’ve composed your prospectus, experience the self-assessment agenda that the College Board has made for your group. (You can discover all AP course agendas at the connection above.) Read through theitems on the rundown and ensure your schedule tends to every one. Notwithstanding the spread page, reviewingthe agenda ought to guarantee that your schedule meets all theCollege Board's rules and will be affirmed. For instance, this is the rundown for AP English Language and Composition: Have you perused the latest AP English course depiction? Do you expect understudies to write in a few structures during the year (story, interpretive, systematic, and contentious expositions) just as expound on an assortment of subjects (open approaches, mainstream society, individual encounters)? Do you have papers that experience a few phases or drafts, with correction by you or different understudies? Do you additionally have understudies write in casual settings (impersonation works out, diary keeping, community oriented composition, and in-class reactions)? Do you appoint genuine readings (e.g., expositions, news coverage, political composition, science composing, nature composing, personal histories/life stories, journals, history, analysis) to give understudies chances to distinguish and clarify a writer's utilization of logical procedures and strategies? (In the event that you use fiction and verse, it ought to be to assist understudies with seeing how different impacts are accomplished by journalists' phonetic and expository decisions.) [Note: y

TEDxCambridge!

TEDxCambridge! Dear EA applicant, Youre almost there. Its Friday/13/13, so if today is the unluckiest day, then maybe tomorrow is the luckiest? If not in the decision, then probably in something else, if you keep your mind open to it. Its 11:44 am right now and there are 24 hours and 30 minutes left before EA decisions. Given that the average length of a TED talk is 17.5 minutes, and that youre probably too excited to sleep tonight, that gives 84 TED talks you can watch in your rapidly diminishing waiting time. Not only will they keep your mind away from agonizing circular thoughts, youll become more illuminated in 84 topics. That can be useful no matter where you go. Bon voyage! Your internet friend,                                                                                                                                                 Anastassia TED Talks TED talks, for those unfamilar, are riveting talks by remarkable people, free to the world. I started watching them in high school, and learned a lot more about current research, global problems, and technological initiatives than I ever did in class. They really opened up my mind to not only ways I can cause change on a large scale, but also within myself. Some of my favorites have been: The game that can give you 10 extra years of life How schools kill creativity This video is a great followup: Changing Education Paradigms. My stroke of insight Have any of you guys watched these or other TED talks before? Here you can find the videos with the most views.  Also the TED youtube channel. TEDxCambridge I watched so many of these inspiring talks that I created a goal to have my own one day. Hmm.. whats a good first step but to watch them live? You can imagine my astonished elation when I learned that we were going to host a TED Conference right in our very own Kendall Square! Tickets were limited, so I had to fill out a short application asking who I was and why I wanted to attend. I ended up getting a discounted seat for only ~$20 in the outdoors section. All photos courtesy of TEDxCambridge 2013 official photos page. Psst: Im in 3 of these photographs if you can find me. Yippee! The outdoors section. Where were the actual speakers? Inside the neighboring building, presenting and being filmed, while we got a live stream to the screen outside. Afterwards, there was a reception of food, drink, and conversation with the speakers themselves! Who were the speakers? Ariel Diaz, Educational Entrepreneur. Inverting the Curriculum. Manolis Kellis, Computational Biologist. Decoding a Genomic Revolution. Zeynep Ton, Business Professor. The Good Jobs Strategy. Deepak Jagdish and Daniel Smilkov, Data Scientists. The Power of Metadata. Todd Rogers, Mobilization Expert. Turning Mass Intention into Mass Action. Bruce Schneier, Security Technologist. The Battle for Power on the Internet. Sara Seager, Galactic Explorer (what a cool title). A Real Search for Alien Life. You can find all the videos from the TEDxCambridge event here. Any feelings about TED talks, videos, learning, waiting, learning through video talks while waiting, any permutation thereof, or anything at all, please comment below! I read all of them. Feel free to post questions or email me at [emailprotected] (though I might be studying for finals). :) Bye for now and happy holidays!

Robes and Furred Gowns Hide All A Study of Social...

Social illusion can be defined as a perception, as of visual stimuli that represents what is perceived in a way different from the way it is in reality(online dictionary). Both the play of King Lear by William Shakespeare and the novel of Brave New World by Aldous Huxley compare the two perceptions of social illusion and reality in regards to the ideals induced by society. Both Huxley and Shakespeare attempt to expose the social illusions of their respective times. In both texts, the authors acknowledge the implicit advantage of birthright in society and the illusion of its role in determining a character. In king Lear those of base birth are considered to be inferior to those born of nobility. Edmund is an obvious victim of this illusion.†¦show more content†¦In the World State, decanting takes place of natural birth, humans no longer reproduce in the traditional way, that is through sex. Instead the World State uses a complicated scientific process, which decants embryos in test tubes on a moving assembly line. Natural birth is viewed as an obscenity, thus making the Savage Reservation inferior to the World State, as the Savage Reservation is the only place that â€Å"children still are born, yes, actually born, revolting as that may seem†(Huxley 102). The World State detracts from savages for their repulsive life style. Love and marriage are abolished in the World State due to the values of commitment to someone other than th e government. And so, having any kind of intimacies, birth, or parents are topics so vulgar in the World State that World citizens â€Å"turned pale at the mere description and was at the point of being sick†(Huxley 37). Savages are seen as indecent by the citizens of the World State, due to the natural way they choose to reproduce. Huxley indicates the false illusion through John Savage. John is the only naturally born child exposed to the World State. And due to the World State’s strict behavioural guidelines john is considered to be savage by birth and uncivilized by parental care. Hence, both Edmund and John Savage have been categorized as the opposite of their true nature. John is seen as a savage and Edmund is seen as a base child, all because of their society’s illusion of morality. In

Men And Women s Women - 1284 Words

Typical, typical, typical - the word stated previously has become almost synonymous with United State culture. Typical has become a â€Å"typical† word and certainly has become a harsh and heavy one in today’s society and culture. We use typical objects and devices, we do typical activities, and we watch typical phenomena. Our society today seems to lack creativity and is stuck in a rut of sameness and stereotypes. Steven Craig writes, in his published essay Men’s Men and Women’s Women, about exactly how and why American culture has become â€Å"typical† in regards to the television commercial industry. He brings to light the gender roles and stereotypes these commercials are promoting and the new American culture they are fostering. Craig’s main purpose is to highlight the conundrums seen on an American’s television, more specifically commercials, as they promote trite gender roles and are â€Å"created to appeal, respectively, to ma le and female consumers† (Craig 182). Craig is concise with his argument and addresses his audience directly. Craig’s tone is critical yet contemplative at the same time. Craig is able to appeal to an audience because he is able to relate to an important part of American culture: television. With his tone, a reader is able to feel more relaxed as there is not a certain â€Å"call to action† produced by Craig. Craig even begins his essay by talking about beer, for example, â€Å"Men and women both drink beer. But you wouldn’t guess that from the television ads that pitchShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Men s Men And Women s Women By Steve Craig883 Words   |  4 Pagesrace, along with certain gender groups. Pop culture has influenced minority groups and shed light on women s rights or so it may seem. Lisa Shaffer a fellow student feels otherwise and believes that Pop culture has only defended traditional values and does little to challenge those who already have power . Commercials bring in gender norms and in Steve Craig’s article, â€Å"Men’s Men and Women’s Women† he speaks on four particular TV ads directed towards male and female audiences. Interestingly enoughRead MoreAnalysis Of Men s Men And Women s Women By Steve Craig866 Words   |  4 Pagessometimes even a certain gender. Pop culture has influenced the minority groups and shed light to women s rights or so it was thought. Lisa Shaffer a fellow student feels otherwise and believes that Pop culture has only defended traditional values and does little to challenge those who already have power . Commercials bring in gender norms and in Steve Craig’s article, â€Å"Men’s Men and Women’s Women† he speaks on four particular TV ads directed towards a particular gender. What is interesting isRead MoreWomen s Equality Between Men And Women990 Words   |  4 PagesWomen in the Workforce Equality between men and women has been a topic for discussion. Women inequality in the workforce has been a debate for many years. Tons of research has been conducted trying to find out why women get paid less than men in the workforce. The Equal Pay Act was created in 1963 that aimed to abolish wage disparity between genders. However, it can be seen that women are still paid less. Women are paid less than men because of the careers that they choose and their family responsibilitiesRead MoreMen And Women s Basketball Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough men and women’s basketball are closer to being equal than softball and baseball, the leagues are still separate. America has a women’s league and a men’s league and never the two shall meet. A woman is not allowed in the NBA since she has the WNBA. The separation is strong, obvious, and seemingly permanent. Like basketball, they created softball to play indoors during the winter. The game earned the name soft ball and due to its easier properties was often â€Å"regarded as baseball’s stepchild†Read MoreThe Roles Of Men And Women In The 1930s1103 Words   |  5 Pages In the 1930 s, the roles of men and women varied greatly. From the workplace to the home, the expectancies were different. Their behaviors were night and day. The views of both genders were also very different. Life in the 1930s Most of the women who did have jobs were in working in factories or other low paying jobs. They also had to get a full education just to be equal with a man who only graduated from elementary school. Women could do the same job as a man and work just as hard but wouldRead MoreAnalysis Of Men s Men And Women s Women And Real Beauty Backlash 948 Words   |  4 Pagesworks behind the scenes to reinforce traditional social values. In the articles â€Å"Men’s Men and Women’s Women† and â€Å"Dove’s ‘Real Beauty’ Backlash,† the authors agree with Lisa Shaffer’s idea of the media’s regressive intentions, and support their claim by providing analysis of varies commercials that underline traditional social values. Authors Steve Craig and Jennifer L. Pozner focus on the roles proposed on women according to popular commercials, and their effects on society as a whole. In sociologyRead MoreBlack Men And Women s Rights1786 Words   |  8 PagesYes, all lives matter, however, a pattern of black men and women have been murdered by police brutality; therefore, we need to concentrate on preserving black lives at this moment. At this very moment, in the United States, there have been destructive riots and peaceful protest from all races but mostly African Americans because we continue to witness black men and women die from police brutality without justice being served. A British based newspaper called The Guardian started a project knownRead MoreMen And Women s Sexual Desire1431 Words   |  6 PagesAre men and women’s sexual desire the same as we get older or is it just a myth that a women’s desire decreases as we get older? It has been my experience that conversations with other w omen tend to always lead into when we â€Å"had† to have sex last. Most of the women I talk to about this topic do not enjoy sex as much as they once used to. The significant other seems to want to have sex much more than the female does. I understand this does not include everyone. One of my goals for this classRead MoreMen And Women : A Woman s Friendliness As A Sexual Attraction Than Women2416 Words   |  10 Pagesbetter. Men view a woman’s friendliness as a sexual attraction than women. Males are more likely to perceive interactions in sexual terms than female. As a result, this can affect how men view women in sports. Studies confirm that females are physically different than men. However, that does not mean that women will not respond different than men in sports activities. Commentators talk about athletes and when they speak of men they talk about their strength. When commentators talk about women theyRead MoreWomen s Rights On Equal Basis With Men1505 Words   |  7 PagesIf we can remove all the inequities and put women on equal basis with men, we recognize that we can reveal human potential very drastically. This is simply achieved by allowing women the same access and capabilities as men. We are so much closer to achieving equality between men and women than we have ever been before. I believe after the women’s suffrage in the early 1920’s, most women were recognized in politics. Women put themselves in positions of power; they presented themselves with power

Business School Plan Free Essays

Leslie Marion CEO of JCW Inc. has identified she will need $125,850 to open a Reference School Center in Houston, Texas. The funds will cover the purchase and installation of the equipment and machinery, leasehold improvements, inventory, office equipment, and working capital to start the business. We will write a custom essay sample on Business School Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Leslie Marion will contribute $20,000 to the project from personal funds. The remainder of $105,850 is requested to be a SBA loan at 6. 00% interest amortized over 5 years. The loan is to be secured by the equipment, and inventory, as well as the personal guarantee of Leslie Marion. JCW is a company investing in educational field for a learning center that caters to families with children who needs academic support. The Reference School Center at Houston will be a very attractive school for those who need special attention on preschool through high school difficulties. The program is based on the brain research that has accumulated in the last decade. This research suggests that stimulating the mind with mental exercise may cause brain cells, called neurons, to branch widely. This branching causes millions of additional connections between brain cells. Studies demonstrate that our brains develop throughout our lives and that they are constantly being modified and that training and practice can stimulate brain development in targeted areas. This is known as neuroplasticity. JCW company based on neuroplasticity studies created a special program to help the students to learn more from their works and solv their difficulties on memorization and getting knowledgement. We believe in our success and in our investment in the educational area. How to cite Business School Plan, Papers

Comprehensive tobacco marketing restriction - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Comprehensive tobacco marketing restriction. Answer: Discussion At the present situation, the most effective way of reaching to the people throughout the world is to give advertisements in the social media sites, TV, newspaper etc. Many pf the not-for-profit NGOs or governments are using the way of advertising in the mentioned Medias for different types of concerns like anti-tobacco, HIV aids, anti-poverty, blood donation or other similar factors. In this paper, the two selected topic for discussing and analysing the advertising campaigns and the cultural differences over the countries are anti-tobacco and blood donation. The way of representing, the required factors in the advertisements may be different due to the cultural differences of the different countries, which is the main concern of this report. Anti-tobacco Campaigns Not-for-profit No tobacco campaign in India There are almost 267 tobacco users in India among which nearly 14.6% are youth. There are a number of health consequences in tobacco, which kills about one million Indians each year. However, the tobacco industry has been instrumental in spreading the tobacco industry globally through different marketing campaigns as well. Therefore, over the years, there had been no reduction in the number of users of tobacco in India. In order to generate awareness among the citizen, there are a number of strategies followed by different Not-for-profit organization. In a lieu of protecting the Indians from the harmful effect of the tobacco, Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Tactics followed In India, different NGOs are working in anti tobacco campaigns. Tears You Apart is an example of such advertising campaign in India. One of the major tactics followed by the not-for profit organization of advertising campaign is citing the real victims suffering from cancers due to tobacco smoking in order to create awareness among the general public. It also features the advantages of quitting tobacco and living a healthy life. Even the packets of tobacco come with a warning message. Figure 1: Representing warning message as a tactic of advertising campaign (Source: Hammond et al., 2012) Not-for-profit No tobacco campaign in USA: Tactics Researches prove that almost 480,000+ annual deaths are due to the use of tobacco in US. As advertising campaign for generating awareness among the public, USA non-for profit organizations have embarked on teaching kids about the harmful effects of tobacco smoking by arranging different anti tobacco campaigns. The tactics followed in USA is similar to the tactic followed in India. It arranges comprehensive program to show the negative impact of smoking on human health, urging people to quit smoking (Wilson et al., 2012). Figure 2: Representing the anti tobacco advertising campaign (Source: Wilson et al., 2012) Not-for-profit No tobacco campaign in Bangladesh Bangladesh experiences high production as well as consumption of tobacco. A high percentage of people living in Bangladesh is addicted to tobacco products and are suffering from tobacco-related health issues. Several non-for-profit advertising take place in the country for the welfare of the people. Tactics followed The anti-tobacco campaigns aim to create mass awareness about the ill-effects of tobacco in the country. Pictorial warnings and banners are used for depicting the health related issues that can occur by consuming tobacco products (Henriksen, 2012). The not-for-profit advertisements of Bangladesh depict the number of deaths within a given time span. Figure 3: Anti-tobacco campaign in Bangladesh (Source: Henriksen, 2012) Not-for-profit No tobacco campaign in Malaysia Malaysia is trying to reduce the number of tobacco users through anti-tobacco campaigns and advertisements. Different NGOs are taking the initiatives to conduct anti-tobacco campaigns and reduce the number of deaths due to tobacco-related health issues. Tactics followed Malaysia focuses mainly on TV commercials and outdoor notices for spreading mass awareness. The not-for-profit advertisements demonstrate the negative effects of tobacco consumption. Malaysia also spreads awareness through social media websites. Posters and banners are used for spreading details about the diseases that are caused by consuming tobacco products (Wilson et al., 2012). Figure 4: Anti-tobacco campaign in Malaysia (Source: Wilson et al., 2012) Comparison among the tactics followed in the above mentioned countries The marketing tactics followed in Bangladesh is different from that of the other countries as the advertisements depict the number of deaths due to tobacco consumption within a given time span. India and USA follow similar tactics where the main focus is on banners and TV commercials for spreading awareness. Malaysia focuses on notices and social media marketing for spreading awareness among the people. Not-for-profit advertising campaigns for Blood donation: Indian advertisement: Figure 5: Indian Advertisement (Source: Naco.gov.in., 2018) The example used here is taken from the advertising campaign done from the government of India. In India, the blood donation campaign is one of the most popular social concern. The main concern behind this is the increasing amount of thalassemia patients and shortage of blood supply in the blood banks. This advertisement campaign was used for increasing the awareness regarding the importance of the blood donation throughout the country. In most of the cases, the advertisement regarding the blood donation campaigns use of rhymes can be found. In many cases, the Indian culture also uses the popular faces or celebrities for advertising. U.K. Advertisement campaign: In the year 2016 the department used the social media in order to fight with the falling rate of the blood donors in UK. The main objective of this campaign is to promote the user generated content on the social media in order to spread the awareness about the importance of blood donation in general people and specifically among youngsters on the social media. In the national blood week of 2016, the department started the campaign Missing Type, which is about informing the donors about the scarcity of the blood types A, O, B in the blood supply. The main idea of the campaign was to omit the above mentioned letters, from different famous and generally recognizable brand names, place names. This campaign was intended to increase the user generated content on the social media in order to inspire the target age group which was 17-24 years. Brands omitting the letters A, O, B Australian Advertisement: This is an example of word of mouth advertising campaign was held by Australia's leading influential word of mouth agency, Social Soup for Australian Red Cross Blood Service. The advertisement campaign got a huge success as it was spread over the social media. The use of social media sites is the most useful strategy used in this culture at present. The use of celebrities for the advertisements can also be seen in this culture. United States: This is the example of an advertisement campaign in U.S. This is an online advertisement for developing awareness regarding the blood donation in United states and Canada. The strategy used here is to show the numerical data points regarding the necessity of blood in the country. Comparison among the tactics followed in the above mentioned countries: After analyzing the strategies used in the four countries, no significant cultural differences found among the countries. It has been found that all the countries are using the social media as the major platform of doing the advertisement campaigns regarding the blood donation. However, among the four advertisements, Indian culture reflects strongly among the advertisements in terms of rhymes and design of the campaigns. References Campaign Brief Australia. (2018).Australian Red Cross Blood Service case study: How an influential word of mouth campaign increased blood donations via Social Soup. Retrieved 18 January 2018, from https://www.campaignbrief.com/2013/05/australian-red-cross-blood-ser.html Hammond, D., Wakefield, M., Durkin, S., Brennan, E. (2012). Tobacco packaging and mass media campaigns: research needs for Articles 11 and 12 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.Nicotine Tobacco Research,15(4), 817-831. Henriksen, L. (2012). Comprehensive tobacco marketing restrictions: promotion, packaging, price and place.Tobacco control,21(2), 147-153. Home - Health Watch Center. (2018).Health Watch Center. Retrieved 18 January 2018, from https://healthwatchcenter.com/ Naco.gov.in. (2018).National AIDS Control Organization | MoHFW | GoI. Retrieved 18 January 2018, from https://naco.gov.in/ The Independent. (2018).The Independent. Retrieved 18 January 2018, from https://www.independent.co.uk Wilson, L. M., Avila Tang, E., Chander, G., Hutton, H. E., Odelola, O. A., Elf, J. L., ... Apelberg, B. J. (2012). Impact of tobacco control interventions on smoking initiation, cessation, and prevalence: a systematic review.Journal of environmental and public health,2012.

The Best Tragic Hero Examples for a Heroic Essay and How to Pick Them

The majority of tragic heroes in the worlds literature get created following specific rules set a long time ago. They serve as the guide to produce a character from the list of tragic heroes that will correspond to this classic image. These are specific aspects which every tragic narration is to feature: hubris, nemesis, anagnorisis, peripeteia, hamartia, and catharsis. The Main Characteristic of All Tragic Hero Examples Hubris is considered to be an inseparable part of all tragic hero examples for a heroic essay. It is present in all plays, stories, and novels which have a tragic hero. To cut a long story short, one can say that hubris is a combination of features and shades of the character that make him or her gone arrogant and too proud, resulting in catharsis. According to Aristotle, hubris is to be present in every tragic character. If we look at Oedipus, which is considered to be a classic tragic hero, hubris is very evident within the character. As a king, he has certain limits in showing his pride. He is not a tyrant like other kings around and is loved by the people whom he helps. No thoughts of personal profit ever cross his mind. His departure from his parents is aimed at undoing the sinister prophecy. Despite this, he cant change his destiny which leads him to commit the most heinous crime he could ever commit. It is a tragedy of a human being who is desperate at beating the fate at its own game. This is hardly ever possible, and Oedipus failure is imminent. Another prominent tragic hero in the classic literature is Rodion Raskolnikov. It is famous for introducing certain social aspects into the image of a tragic hero. In this story, a student who is broke comes to a thought that there are two kinds of people. One category is presented by those who are born to change the worlds history. The other consists of those who are unable to do that. The first category of people obtains specific talents and has the power to deviate from moral norms that are widespread in society. Raskolnikov associates himself with Napoleon who had no limits in sacrificing human lives for the sake of the highest aim. The character has regrets and pity for anyone. Such life view brings him to the moment when he commits a brutal murder which changes his life. Make an Order Traditional Forms of Nemesis with Tragic Hero Examples For a Heroic Essay There are different kinds of nemesis is literature. Anyway, it states for the conflict of the tragic hero. This conflict can be the result of the heros pride. For example, Oedipus believes that he can trick his destiny, but, eventually, it leads him to the murder of his own father. You may choose many other hero examples for a heroic essay that have faced their nemesis led by their hubris. One of such tragic hero examples is Raskolnikov. He would never kill a person unless he was sure that it would change something for other people. He understood what a terrible crime he did right away. But there was no turning back. So, it gave the start to his inner struggles. This was the inner conflict – one of the most widespread types of nemesis. The point is that neither characters nor people in the real world have enemies before they make some wrong decisions which make them perfect hero examples for a heroic essay. There should be some circumstances that provoke a conflict, and usuall y, we create them with our own hands. Even if some tragic heroes examples get killed by characters whom we can describe as evil, there are often heros actions that lead to that. This happens to Severus Snape, one of the most celebrated modern tragic hero examples. He gets killed by the Dark Lord, but this is not the main reason why we sympathize this hero, as it was the only logical decision to reveal Snapes real intentions. This is his pride and incapacity to reveal the best in him makes us sympathetic: Snape appears to be cold and cruel, but his noble deeds (and the reasons for the deeds that might have been considered evil) display him as one of the most courageous and loyal characters in the book. The difference of what Snape shows to the society and what is really going on in his heart is the characters nemesis. Nemesis as the Clash: Tragic Hero vs. His Enemy There is no point in denying that different decision could have brought the tragic hero examples described above to a completely different nemesis or even a different end. But sometimes we can witness the other kind of nemesis – an outside threat in the face of a real person. F.S. Fitzgerald chose such nemesis for his protagonist – Jay Gatsby. This is Tom Buchanan, the husband of the woman Gatsby craves. This is a vile, unpleasant person. Some of his actions are triggered by Gatsbys behavior, others are not. Here, we can see an interaction of two complicated characters and their clash is inevitable, regardless Gatsbys decisions on whether to follow his dream or not. It is peculiar that Gatsby sees that his struggles were in vain before the highest point of the conflict. But the conflict still goes on, because it is not just in Gatsbys head, it also gets fueled by the pride and arrogance of another person. Is it all about the woman? No. Tom would try to revenge even if G atsby gave up, as it is about envy and the desire to prove that one is better than another. Tom stabbed Gatsby in the back, almost literary. If George didnt know that it was Gatsby who hit his wife with the car, Gatsby wouldnt get killed. The paradox is in the fact that George killed Gatsby not to revenge for Myrtles death. He thought that the one who was in the driving seat was her lover. But it was Tom who said it was Gatsby and it was Tom who was Myrtles lover. The Plot Changes: Anagnorisis and Peripeteia All the tragic heroes examples get revealed in the background on sudden twists. These twists are completed with the help of anagnorisis and peripeteia. Anagnorisis is an unexpected discovery made by the tragic hero. Oedipus, for instance, understands that he hasnt avoided his fate and did kill his father. Romeo and Juliet face the truth when it gets clear that they belong to rival families and there was no way they could end up together. Jay Gatsby realizes that the woman he thought he loved is not the girl he used to know anymore. Peripeteia is a twist in the plot caused by the outer circumstances. For example, we can observe peripeteia when Daisy hits Myrtle with the car when Voldemort decides that he is to kill Snape to change the master of the Elder wand, and so on. It is used to demonstrate that it is not only the hero’s decisions that form his or her destiny. Anagnorisis and peripeteia are closely interrelated, but they have distinct peculiarities of their own. How the Plot Is Developed: Hamartia of the Tragic Hero Hamartia is the term denoting the tragic way of the hero to his or her downfall. It is usually provoked with the hero’s hubris. Hamartia leads the hero to the tragic end step by step but never hints what it would be. Some of the endings are too tough even if we agree that the hero’s deeds are awful, like in the case of Oedipus who could have found peace in death but chose to be blinded. But hamartia, in this and other cases, don’t give too much away and we can’t predict the tragic outcome. Catharsis: The Tragic Hero’s Downfall If you are trying to choose hero examples for a heroic essay and find out that catharsis of this work is hard to analyze, this is probably not the best choice you can make. Catharsis is not just a spectacular end, that can be replaced by different aspects of your analysis. All tragic heroes, whether these are ancient heroes or modern tragic hero examples, are created to bring catharsis to the reader. The reader, in turn, has to feel extreme pity for all hero examples for a heroic essay. Moreover, the reader has to be frightened with the hero’s fate. Make an Order We (almost) always feel that the tragic hero could have avoided the tragic end. Who wouldnt prefer that Rowling let Snape live? Who wouldnt wish happiness to Romeo and Juliet? And even Oedipus understood everything and he was a great king, why does he have to suffer? But this is what differs a tragic hero from any other type. J.K. Rowling, for example, could have killed Harry Potter and he would make a perfect tragic hero. But with the help of another peripeteia, she saved him (once more) leaving worried fans and her publishing agents some hope for the sequel. And it was actually published! But this is not the only example when the hero could have died but didn’t, transforming from a potential tragic hero to an epic one. Some can argue that in Shakespeare’s times there wasn’t so much pressure on authors and they killed everybody they wanted in their books. Presumably, for this reason, tragic hero examples were much more plentiful than today. In reality, authors have always changed their plots in the process of writing for numerous reasons. And it is not only about sequels. Besides, there are some examples of the main characters that deserve punishment. Dorian Gray, for example, is definitely not a tragic hero, as he lacks all the positive personal traits that Raskolnikov or Gatsby possess. We can compare Wildes protagonist with Georges Duroy portrayed in Bel Ami by Guy de Maupassant at the beginning of the 20th century. Duroy is a good-for-nothing journalist who succeeds in life with the help of endless affairs and schemes. And this doesnt even prevent him from becoming one of the most influential men in Paris. Both these characters stories lack catharsis, as one gets what he deserves and the other gets a happy-ending which he doesnt deserve. They are both not the examples of tragic heroes. There have always been personal qualities any of hero examples for a heroic essay has to possess. All from the list of tragic heroes are generally decent people, with whom readers can associate themselves. Examples of tragic heroes are not deprived of human weaknesses, which make them closer to the general public than other hero types, like an epic hero, for example. But these qualities dont reveal characters to the full. They should be combined with other aspects of creating tragic hero examples. Otherwise, it will not be possible for the writer to create the desired effect of catharsis.

About the U.S. Department of State

About the U.S. Department of State The United States Department of State also referred to as â€Å"the State Department† or simply â€Å"State,† is the executive branch department of the United States federal government primarily responsible for administering U.S. foreign policy and consulting with the President of the United States and Congress on international diplomatic issues and policies. The mission statement of the State Department reads: â€Å"To advance freedom for the benefit of the American people and the international community by helping to build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous world composed of well-governed states that respond to the needs of their people, reduce widespread poverty, and act responsibly within the international system.† The primary functions of the State Department include: Provide protection and assistance for U.S. citizens traveling or living abroad;Assist U.S. businesses and industries operating in the global marketplace;Coordinate and provide support for international activities of other U.S. agencies, official visits overseas and at home, and other diplomatic efforts;Inform the public about U.S. foreign policy and relations with other countries and provide feedback from the public to administration officials. Similar the foreign ministries in other nations, the State Department conduct international diplomatic relations on the part of the United States by negotiating treaties and other agreements with foreign governments. The State Department also represents the United States in the United Nations. Created in 1789, the State Department was the first executive branch department established after final  ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Headquartered in the Harry S Truman Building in Washington, D.C., the State Department currently operates 294 U.S. embassies around the world and oversees compliance of more than 200 international treaties. As an agency of the president’s Cabinet, the State Department is led by the Secretary of State, as nominated by the president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. The Secretary of State is second in the line of presidential succession after the Vice President of the United States. In addition to assisting with the international activities of other U.S. government agencies, the State Department provides many important services to U.S. citizens traveling and living abroad and to foreign citizens trying to visit or immigrate to the United States. In perhaps its most publicly noticeable role the State Department issues U.S. Passports to U.S. citizens allowing them to travel to and return from foreign countries and travel visas to U.S. citizens and non-citizen residents. In addition, the State Department’s Consular Information Program informs the American public of conditions abroad that may affect their safety and security while traveling abroad. Country-specific travel information and global Travel Alerts and Warnings are vital parts of the program. The State Department also oversees all U.S. foreign aid and development programs such as the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. All activities of the State Department, including foreign assistance programs, representing the U.S. abroad, countering international crime and human trafficking, and all other services and programs are paid for through the foreign affairs component of the annual federal budget as requested by the president and approved by Congress. On average, the total State Department expenditure represents just over 1% of the total federal budget, projected to exceed  $4 trillion in 2017.  Ã‚   Brief History of the State Department On July 27, 1789, President George Washington singled a bill passed by the House of Representatives and Senate on July 21, 1789, creating the Department of Foreign Affairs as the first federal agency created under the new Constitution. A law enacted on September 15, 1789, changed the name of the agency to the Department of State and assigned it oversight of a variety of domestic, rather than foreign issues. For example, the law made the Department of State responsible for running the United States Mint and conducting the decennial U.S. census. During the 19th century, these and most of the Department of State’s other domestic duties were turned over to other federal agencies and departments. Appointed by President Washington on September 29, 1789, Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, then serving as Minister to France became the first Secretary of State. Appointed before Washington had taken office, John Jay had been serving in as Secretary of Foreign Affairs and continued to function as de-facto Secretary of State until Jefferson returned from France several months later.

Male v. Female differences in stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Male v. Female differences in stress - Essay Example While stress is an individual response, it differs across gender. This paper will examine the reasons of difference and the coping strategies in stress in male versus female at workplace. Gender has been defined as the socially learned behaviors and expectations that are associated with the two sexes (Iwasaki, Mackay, & Mactavish, 2005). Thus being a male or a female is a biological phenomenon, being a man or a woman is a cultural process. Gender segregation directs the social relations with others. Under stress the body releases a lot of hormones including cortisol and adrenaline, which raise blood pressure and cholesterol levels and suppress the immune system (Eller, 2000). This puts the stressed people under greater risk ranging from ailments like cold to heart problems. Long term exposure to stress can also lead to weight gain due to cortisol. Research suggests that initially women have the same response to men but gradually women also begin secreting oxytocin from the pituitary glands. This leads to reduction in the levels of cortisol and adrenaline, thereby reducing the damaging effects. While men also secrete oxytocin, the level is much lesser than women. Besi des, testosterone, the male hormone further reduces the impact of oxytocin in men. According to the Law of Stress, stress is the difference between pressure and adaptability of any kind (Dato, ISMA 2001). â€Å"The process of living is the process of having stress imposed on you and reacting to it†(Sarnoff, 1963). A stress produces or threatens to produce alteration in the homeostasis. Stress refers to widespread, generalized responses of the body to various environmental, physical or social situations. It is the force that effects our emotions and motives. It is called the disease of modern civilization. It effects people of all ages and can be both good and bad. Each person reacts differently to stress but we all need some stress in

Discuss Proust's theory of memory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discuss Proust's theory of memory - Essay Example Proust, a contemporary of Freud was greatly influenced by the latter in his philosophical leanings and in literary work. Freud treated symbolism in his book Psychoanalysis. According to this theory he propounded which must have influenced Proust, objects or ideas are represented by symbols. Our dreams can symbolize something we have left unexpressed and remain embedded in our unconscious mind. Many of Freud's ideas, however, are sex-oriented . In the complex realm of our existence, the truth remains that ugliness and perversion abound which we try to prevent from surfacing in our conscious mind. These however may find their way into consciousness in our unguarded moments. Proust was a realist and at the same time a symbolist. As such he portrays mental awareness as stream of consciousness. This reduces man's dignity as a human being. Common to Freud and Proust's work is the prevalence or integration of sex into their hierarchy of value.

Originality in Postmodern Art

Originality in Postmodern Art A number of postmodern theorists and artists have questioned whether there is such thing as originality in art. Discuss this issue with reference to examples of the work of one or more recent artists who have questioned the notion of originality in their work. Postmodernism rejects the modern idea of originality as the new, and substitutes it with a combination of elements from the past. One of the main characteristics of Postmodernism was its tearing down of borders between styles and various cultural elements and the advance towards seeking something new and original was discarded and substituted with an amalgamation of elements from past and existing cultures. (Perina 2006) Postmodernism distances the subject, to declare the death of individualism. It leads to the reprocessing of objects and images from the past to create a more real and personal experience. There is too much information for us to process and make sense of and we are trapped in a world of second-hand experiences, dependent upon media representation of the world rather than our first-hand experience.(Crouch 1999) Originality as observed by contemporary artists, borrows heavily from postmodernist discourse. This essay will look at the works of several postmodern artists who participate in a critique and deconstruction of the myth of traditional originality whilst simultaneously seeking new ways to take their art in new and unexpected directions. It further inquires into the views of well known art writers and critics who acknowledge the way in which the placement of an artwork in a different context, or the re-working of an original image or images from the past can bestow it an entire new understanding, therefore granting an element of originality. Sherrie Levine, Andy Warhol and their many followers questioned and re-positioned issues around authorship and the original in artistic practice. This legacy is important to explore as the appropriated image and the pastiched image is so central in todays art and commercial practice especially since the growth of digital imaging. (Hammerstingl 1998 ) Sherrie Levine (b. 1947) is a primary example of a postmodern artist who confronts the issues surrounding postmodernist appropriation. Her critique of authorship and aura are central to Sherrie Levines audacious and influential deconstruction of the modernist myths of originality in many of her re-appropriations of eminent works by male artists. (Delacour 2009) Since the early 1980s, Levine has made a career out of re-using or appropriating renowned works of art, often by making new versions of them and placing them in different contexts. (Walker Art Center 2007) Her works have been understood as a commentary on the death of Modernism and its ideals, notions of artistic originality, the authenticity and autonomy of the art object and its status as a commodity. (Museum of Modern Art 2010) Levines Fountain (After Marcel Duchamp: A.P.) (1991), (Fig. 1) is an unmistakeable reference to Marcel Duchamps famous 1917 piece Fountain (Fig. 2). Cast in bronze to a highly polished finish, it transforms an everyday object into a beautiful and ostentatious piece which is presented on a narrow pedestal that closely resembles the display of Duchamps Fountain. Levine strove for total historical accuracy by locating a urinal from the identical manufacturer and year that Duchamp used, although she was unable to find the exact model. (Buskirk 2003) When compared to Duchamps sculpture, it is evident that Levines Fountain is not an exact replica. Most notably, Duchamps piece was an actual urinal which was turned upside-down and remained unchanged apart from his signature. In contrast, Levines urinal is more contemporary and has been cast in bronze, the traditional metal of sculptors. (Walker Art Center 2007) This use of bronze in such a way makes reference to another artist, Constantine Brancusi, who was notorious for producing sculptures in highly polished bronze (Buskirk 2003). When polished to a brilliant shine Levines urinal no longer remains a common, store-bought item. Instead it has been transformed by the artist into a unique object. (walkerart) Author and critic Martha Buskirk comments that despite the blatantly obvious reference to Duchamps readymade, Levines urinal has been transformed into a distinctive piece as a result of this choice to have it cast from highly polished bronze. (Buskirk 2003) Due to the recasting of the fountain in bronze, she raises the question of is the sculpture any longer a readymade? Due to the material characteristics of it being altered. By recasting the urinal, Levine challenges the function of the readymade as coming straight from the modes of production of society. Her object is no longer inextricably tied to its presence in everyday society. (Buskirk 2003) Buskirk states that in one sense, Levines Fountain is not a copy at all because she did not require the original Duchamp fountain to create a replica. Instead she attended the same source as Duchamp, which was the realm of mass production. Her piece triggers a history of references to past readymades and replicas of the everyday object. (Buskirk 2003) Sherrie Levines most blatant assault on originality came with her 1981 series After Walker Evans (Fig. 4), a series of twenty-two images which she directly photographed from an exhibition catalogue of famous photographer Walker Evans (b. 1903) work. (Fig. 3) Each one of these black and white photographs represents Depression-era documentation of either a figure, a group of figures, architecture or a barren landscape in a rural, economically-distressed area. (Mandiberg 2010) In writer and artist Linda Weintraubs essay Unoriginality, in Art on the Edge and Over (1996), Weintraub states that Levine makes no attempt to recompose or reinterpret, dismissing any creative or original act with the intention that the images remain true to their reproductive sources. (Weintraub 1996) These works articulate Levines fascination with the photographic process and its reproduction, while raising post-structuralist discourses on authorship, originality and history, from which they partly originate. (Museum of Modern Art 2010) Her appropriation of these fine art images deals with between photography, which is an unlimitedly reproducible medium, and fine art, which is regard as an inimitable object. Often art photographers limit the size of their editions to give their pieces the aura or a unique object. This aura is then diminished when the works are reproduced in magazines and books. Although the photographs Levine takes originate from the media, she restores them to the arena of fine art in her framing and presenting them as singular works which is where and how the original photographer, Walker Evans, aimed them to be seen. (Weintraub 1996) Linda Weintraub affirms that regardless of the association between the originals and her copies, Sherrie Levines photographs assume originality because they embody a new and possibly more profound artistic concept, which has never been so boldly explored. (Weintraub 1996) In the perceived wake of Modernism, the heroic potential of autonomous artists or autonomous works of art was challenged as artists such as Levine sought to demonstrate the importance of these ideas in the wake of the massive increase in social image consumption due to technological reproduction. (Mandiberg 2010) She writes, The world is filled to suffocating.ÂÂ   Man has placed his token on every stone.ÂÂ   Every word, every image, is leased and mortgaged.ÂÂ   We know that a picture is but a space in which a variety of images, none of them original, bend and clash. (Levine 1981) It is impossible to remove the art historical aspect to Sherrie Levines art. She works within the space of art historical discourse and dialogue, in attempts to add new perspectives on art by actually appropriating and reproducing them in novel ways. So much of the importance of her works derives from the fact that these works are recognizable within the general American public, but more importantly in the art historical canon. (Zimmerman 2008) (reword) It is perhaps Andy Warhols (b. 1928) use of photo silkscreens that offered the most rigorous challenge to traditional definitions of originality. Warhol explored intrinsic multiplicity in the repetitive use of screens in his silkscreen paintings that he began to produce in 1962. He produced a series of works containing ongoing repetition of an image within single works. Often his technique of blotting would result in the ink lines in his drawings appearing as though they were a personal touch. The method he used also lent itself to replicating deviations of the image via a process of repeated tracing that he would often get his assistants to accomplish. Warhol frequently employed his mother to replicate his signature for him. Consequently, Warhols fame as a fine artist rests on the manner in which he expunged any trace of his hand from his work and any evidence of what would be considered individuality. (Buskirk 2003) (need this?) This brief time in which Warhol began to develop his silkscreen paintings, was a phase in which Warhol was producing amazing output. It was during this time that he produced his infamous celebrity and name-brand product images. One of his most renowned examples is his Marilyn Diptych (1962) (Fig. 5) which was based on a publicity photograph from the 1953 film Niagra. The paintings of this time are excellent examples of multiple copies without an original. His method allowed for variations within the prints so that no two works were identical. Although Warhol employed assistants to produce works created by mechanical means to transfer images that he often didnt even select himself, his works are nonetheless recognised as Warhols due to his certain form of authorship. It can be argued that his original contribution included the regular removal of evident participation. (Buskirk 2003) One of Warhols most renowned works was Brillo Soap Pads Boxes (1964) (Fig. 6). To make his replicas he used wooden boxed and silkscreened over them to directly resemble the cartons that they were reproducing. This work is an example of one form of mechanical reproduction being employed to duplicate another form of printed surface, although the change of materials added a slight change to the more dramatic transformation that resulted from their recontextualisation. (Buskirk 2003) It could be argued that Brillo Soap Pads Boxes, and much of Andy Warhols work, is absent of any kind of originality due to its almost undistinguishable resemblance to the original product in which he had no participation in the creation of, however he makes a striking contribution via his insightful critique of the enticing nature of commodity in a culture driven by mass media. He achieves this through his use of repetition. The anonymous author who designed or photographed the products adopted by Warhol for use within his work becomes replaced by the artist who comments on the products cultural familiarity, an act of recontextualizing. (Buskirk 2003) In Warhols Flowers (1965) (Fig. 7), he appropriated an image of flowers that he found in a 1964 issue of Modern Photography magazine. When the photographer of the photo, Patricia Caufield discovered that Warhol had appropriated her image she filed a lawsuit against him for infringing on copyright as she was able to claim legal authorship. The case was settled out of court, with Warhol offering to give Caufield two of his Flower paintings. When analysed, it is evident that there exists several differences between Caufields image and Warhols appropriation. First of all he cropped the photograph so that it focussed on four flowers; the image has been flattened by the removal of detail and the adding of solid blocks of colour within the flowers. His changes in medium, scale and colour helped to transform the image considerably. (Buskirk 2003) Although the original photographs that Warhol sourced to base many of his artworks on were neither taken by or owned by him, his works become original by the manner in which he re-works them and exhibits them. It is very hard to confuse authorship as Warhol upholds a style that is distinctively his own. He takes ordinary images and through his alterations of them makes them extraordinary. (Buskirk 2003) In each of the cases presented, the artists have exercised an act of recontextualisation by taking a recognisable object or image and transforming it by altering how it is made or where it is found. Through this process each of the artists has achieved the act of both recognising and acknowledging the original author whilst claiming authorship for themselves via the process of this recontextualisation?. (Buskirk 2003) The diverse ways that artists have adopted and transformed these familiar images and objects furthermore articulate a complex layering of quotation and reference that exemplifies contemporary art. (Buskirk 2003) In addition, the artistic product desires a measure of creativity on the audiences part. The viewer contributes to the creation of works via their interpretations and evaluations of them. (Leddy 1994) French literary theorist and critic Roland Barthes attributes authorship to the reader who shapes meaning and understanding. Barthes created writings that directly suggested the idea of Death of the Author as a central post-modern concept. (Hammerstingl 1998) He states To give a text an Author and assign a single, corresponding interpretation to it is to impose a limit on that text. Roland Barthes asserts that each piece of writing or artwork contains multiple layers and meanings. In a well-known quotation, Barthes draws an analogy between text and textiles, declaring that a text is a tissue [or fabric] of quotations, drawn from innumerable centers of culture, rather than from one, individual experience. The essential meaning of a work depends on the impressions of the reader, rather th an the passions or tastes of the writer; a texts unity lies not in its origins, or its creator, but in its destination, or its audience. (New World Encyclopedia 2008) To summarise, Barthes attributes authorship to the reader who forms meaning and understanding. To reiterate, it is not the value and function that an object relies on to communicate with its audience, but its veiled references and codes from the past that permit a more individual perception. The originality and authenticity of the primary source ceases to be imperative in postmodernist art. Instead it is the recycled message which is constructed upon the unconscious memories and perceptions from the past that gives command to new perceptions and new perspectives of originality. The amalgamation of non-referring styles united together helps to create a new original, assembled from well identified originals of the past. Equally the postmodernist concept of deconstruction utilises the intercommunication amid the influence and continual process of referring. (Perina 2006)

Biomimetics

Plastics are any of a group of synthetic or natural organic materials that may be shaped when soft and then hardened. Also, plastics are used by people for their conveniences especially for carrying things. What is plastic waste reduction? Plastic waste reduction is the practice of reducing or eliminating plastic use so that the potential for plastic to be used inefficiently or disposed is prevented in the first place. Prevention is the most environmentally preferable means to reduce plastic waste. Advantages of plastic waste reduction: Environment †¢Recycling helps to limit the amount of glass, paper and plastic that must be produced.This will end with less garbage in landfills because it's being reused. †¢Slows the consuming of natural resources. You reduce the amount of resources needed to make the same item compared to making it without recycling †¢It saves natural resources as it takes less energy to make something with recycled material rather something new †¢By saving energy you are cutting down the amount of CO2 being added to the greenhouse gases already in the atmosphere. So you are slowing down global warming. Economy †¢Adds jobs to the economy†¢Promotes scientific advancements in recyclable and biodegradable materials Makes governments and businesses choose programs and apply policies in consideration of preserving and respecting the environment. Community †¢Makes people environmentally aware †¢You can get money for what you recycle Disadvantages of plastic waste reduction: Pollution: †¢Due to the recycling process there are still chemicals thrown throughout lands and bodies of water that causes pollution. Economy †¢Government would provide subsidy to the recycling plants People †¢People are would suffer illness due to the recycling process. †¢People are not used to use other alternative for plastics.

Stock Market and Paramount

Case Study Questions –Paramount Communications Inc. 1993- Why a paramount is a takeover target? Several Strategic Reasons – Cost reduction: through combinations of similar business and economy of scales – Sales increase: a) cross-promotions of each company’s brand and utilization of each company’s channels, and b) cooperation in international businesses. 2. Which of the two firms (Viacom or QVC) would make a better fit with Paramount? -Viacom: Overlap in the business creates synergies regarding cost and revenue. However, cannibalisation may happen in the near future. QVC: Small rooms for synergies (cost reductions may be limited to non-business section. ). Volatility may high regarding the realisation of synergies (Most of new synergies come from new businesses. ). Therefore, Viacom is more likely to be a good fit with Paramount. 3. Compare your valuation (stand-alone basis) with market price. What makes the difference between two prices? Target Pri ce: $26. 48 to 29. 41 Market Price: $ 48. 88 to 55. 50 Market Price Multiples: Multiples imply the current stock price is overvalued. PER 33. 46 X, PBR 1. 61 X, EV/EBITDA 13. 7X There is a big difference in our Target Price and Market Price.This may come from 1) Market expectation that the company will generate more Free Cash Flow growth in the next few years 2) Speculation regarding potential takeover 4. What effect would Viacom have on the costs at Paramount if it bought the company? What effect would Viacom have on Paramount’s growth rate? What would happen to costs and sales growth if QVC bought Paramount instead? 1) Viacom impact on the cost and growth rate at Paramount -Cost reduction can be expected thorough combinations of similar business and economy of scales -Viacom will increase sales growth of Viacom by cross-selling and cooperation in international businesses. ) QVC impact on the costs and sales growth at Paramount -Though QVC expects , the cost reduction will b e limited as both companies share the same business area. In addition, sales growth of Paramount will be cut as QVC has intention of restructuring some of the Paramount businesses. 5. What is Paramount worth to Viacom? – Theme park (cross-selling) – Film Library/Film Distribution Business 6. What is Paramount worth to QVC? – New business opportunities in Entertainment – Film Library/Film Distribution Business 7. Compare your valuation with Smith Barney’s.What assumptions do you have to make to get the terminal value EBITDA multiples used by Smith Barney. Is there any benefit of their method relative to FCF method? Smith Barney is using EBITDA of 14 to 16X. Since EBITDA multiple tends to revert to a certain level over the year, we need to assume that the market will keep pricing the company at the same level of 1993. The merits of EBITDA multiples: -They don’t need to assume the perpetual growth rate which is hard to calibrate but has substan tial impact on pricing. -They can ignore the capital structure change Easier to understand (it is â€Å"market consensus†) 8. What doe 30% premium suggest? Is it reasonable? 30% of premium over the market price may be reasonable given; a) control premium b) the nature of takeover (it can be considered as â€Å"Insider Trading†, and to avoid litigation by shareholders, an acquirer may need to pay premium) c) consideration of synergies through a takeover. 9. How should Redstone proceed? What price should he offer? Should the offer be a cash offer, a stock offer, or some combination? What should he do about the lock-out option and the termination fee?Should he bother trying to buy Paramount at all? -The price to offer: $63. 00 (after aggressive synergies consideration) > premium of 14. 55% over the current stock price ($55. 00) -The type of merger: The total amount required will be From $63. 00 * 120million shares * 50. 1% = $3,787. 6 million to $63. 00 * 120million share s * 100% = $7,560 million. Cash: $3,783. 6million to $7,560 million was too much as Viacom has only $28. 7 million cash and most of cash is supposed to be kept for working capital (total current liabilities amount to $848. 3 million).Also, as the LBO is impossible either since Paramount has only around Free Cash Flow of around $300 million. Stock Offer: Therefore, stock offer can be a more reasonable option. However, Redstone’s control over Viacom itself will decrease (see the table below). Lock-up and termination fee: Redstone should cease the options first if he really wants to buy the company. Conclusion: Redstone should not buy Paramount for the following reasons; a) He will substantially lose his control over Viacom b) Current market price is overvalued compared to Paramount’s intrinsic value. c) Realisation of synergies on revenue side is still uncertain.

The History of Sports